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Top 10 Countries Without a Standing Army: Geography, Politics, and Security Systems

Some nations have embraced a unique path in securing their borders and maintaining peace by not maintaining a traditional military force. Instead of a standing army, these countries rely on other forms of defense, including local police forces, international defense treaties, and diplomatic agreements. Here’s a deeper dive into the fascinating stories, geography, and political landscape of the top 10 countries that don’t have standing armies.

1. Andorra

Geography & Political Map: Andorra, a tiny country tucked away in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain, is one of the smallest countries in the world. Its total area is just 468 square kilometers, yet it is known for its stunning mountain scenery and ski resorts. Despite its small size, Andorra is a key tourist destination in Europe.

Politics & Security: Andorra is a unique co-principality, governed by two heads of state: the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Spain. The country’s political system is based on a mix of democracy and medieval principles, which makes it a fascinating place to explore both historically and politically. Andorra has no standing army and has signed defense treaties with its larger neighbors, France and Spain, ensuring its protection in case of any military threat.

Security System: Since Andorra does not have a military force, its police force, known as the Andorran National Police, manages internal security and law enforcement. The country’s strategic location and defense agreements with France and Spain provide an additional layer of protection, ensuring that Andorra remains safe and secure despite its small size.

Interesting Story: Andorra’s peaceful approach to defense has allowed it to maintain a neutral position in global conflicts, making it a sanctuary for tourists seeking tranquility in the heart of the Pyrenees.

2. Costa Rica

Geography & Political Map: Costa Rica is a biodiversity hotspot in Central America, known for its lush rainforests, volcanic landscapes, and diverse wildlife. Bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Costa Rica offers a rich variety of ecosystems, making it a global leader in environmental conservation.

Politics & Security: After a devastating civil war in 1948, Costa Rica took the groundbreaking decision to abolish its standing army, focusing instead on creating a stable, peaceful, and democratic nation. The move was aimed at fostering peace and ensuring the country’s resources were directed toward education, healthcare, and sustainable development. Since then, Costa Rica has remained one of the most politically stable countries in Latin America.

Security System: Costa Rica relies heavily on its police force for internal security. The country has also cultivated a reputation as a global advocate for peace and diplomacy. Costa Rica’s lack of a military force is considered a major part of its national identity. The country’s political neutrality has earned it respect on the international stage, and it frequently hosts peace talks and diplomatic efforts.

Interesting Story: Costa Rica’s commitment to peace is evident in its government’s decision to invest in environmental conservation and social programs. The country is known as a beacon of peace and diplomacy, even serving as the headquarters for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

3. Dominica

Geography & Political Map: Dominica, known as the "Nature Island" of the Caribbean, is famous for its volcanic landscapes, hot springs, and lush rainforests. It sits between the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, and its rugged terrain is a key feature of its natural beauty.

Politics & Security: Dominica’s decision to abolish its army in 1981 came after a coup attempt that shook the country. In response, the government chose a path of peace by abolishing its military force and establishing the Regional Security System (RSS) with other Caribbean nations to ensure its defense. Dominica’s government operates as a parliamentary democracy, and the country is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which ensures regional cooperation in matters of defense and security.

Security System: Dominica’s internal security is managed by the police force, while its defense needs are met through regional security agreements with neighboring Caribbean nations. This cooperative defense system ensures that the small island nation is protected from external threats while maintaining a low profile in global politics.

Interesting Story: Dominica is a member of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union and the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, showcasing its commitment to regional cooperation, economic integration, and peace. Its geographical isolation has helped preserve its unique cultural and natural identity.

4. Grenada

Geography & Political Map: Grenada, a small island nation in the Caribbean, is famous for its spice production, particularly nutmeg. The island's mountainous terrain, beautiful beaches, and picturesque harbors make it a popular tourist destination.

Politics & Security: Grenada’s military was abolished in 1983 following a U.S.-led invasion to restore order after a political coup. Since then, the country has maintained its peaceful stance by focusing on diplomatic relations and regional security agreements. Grenada is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, and it has focused on peace and stability in the Caribbean region.

Security System: Grenada’s security is primarily handled by the Royal Grenada Police Force. The country is also a member of CARICOM, a regional group that provides collective defense. This arrangement allows Grenada to rely on the strength of its neighbors for external security, while its police force handles internal matters.

Interesting Story: Grenada’s peaceful nature has allowed it to avoid further conflict after the U.S. intervention. Today, the country enjoys strong tourism and is widely known for its spice industry and friendly citizens.

5. Haiti

Geography & Political Map: Haiti occupies the western part of the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean. It is a mountainous country with several coastal plains and rich biodiversity. Haiti shares the island with the Dominican Republic, with which it has a complicated political history.

Politics & Security: Haiti has experienced numerous political crises and military coups throughout its history, particularly in the late 20th century. The country formally abolished its army in 1995 as part of a broader effort to stabilize the nation and focus on civilian governance. Today, Haiti’s political system is a fragile democracy, with much of the country’s governance supported by international organizations.

Security System: Haiti’s internal security is managed by the Haitian National Police, and the country relies on international peacekeeping forces for protection. The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) played a crucial role in the country’s post-coup recovery. While Haiti no longer maintains an army, it is often the subject of international aid and intervention in matters of defense and internal stability.

Interesting Story: Haiti holds the distinction of being the first post-colonial independent nation in Latin America and the first to abolish slavery. Despite its struggles, Haiti continues to play an important role in the history of the Caribbean.

6. Iceland

Geography & Political Map: Iceland, an island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean, is famous for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, geysers, and glaciers. It’s one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe, with much of the population concentrated in its capital, Reykjavik.

Politics & Security: Iceland is a member of NATO but does not maintain its own military. It has been without a standing army since 1869, opting instead to rely on diplomatic relations and agreements with NATO for defense. The country’s peaceful nature and its geographic isolation in the North Atlantic have allowed it to remain neutral in international conflicts.

Security System: Iceland’s defense needs are handled through its NATO membership, and it has defense agreements with the United States. The country’s police force handles internal security, and Iceland’s non-aligned stance in global politics has made it a haven for peace talks and international cooperation.

Interesting Story: Iceland is the only NATO member with no standing military force. Despite this, it has maintained one of the lowest crime rates in the world and is known for its peaceful society and commitment to environmental sustainability.

7. Kiribati

Geography & Political Map: Kiribati is a vast island nation scattered across the central Pacific Ocean. It consists of 33 atolls and islands, spread over 3.5 million square kilometers of ocean. The country faces significant challenges due to rising sea levels and climate change.

Politics & Security: Kiribati has not had a standing army since 1978. The country is a democratic republic, and its government relies heavily on international cooperation for defense. Kiribati has close security ties with Australia and New Zealand, which assist with the nation’s defense and law enforcement needs.

Security System: Kiribati’s police force handles internal security, while its defense needs are addressed through regional defense agreements. The country’s small size and strategic location make it vulnerable to external threats, but its international partnerships ensure protection.

Interesting Story: Kiribati is often cited in discussions about climate change and rising sea levels. It is one of the first nations expected to be impacted severely by climate change, making it a focal point for international environmental discussions.

8. Liechtenstein

Geography & Political Map: Liechtenstein is a small, landlocked country nestled in the Alps between Switzerland and Austria. Despite its tiny size, it boasts a strong economy, particularly in finance and banking.

Politics & Security: Liechtenstein abolished its army in 1868, primarily due to financial constraints. The country is a constitutional monarchy, and the prince serves as head of state. It has a close relationship with Switzerland for its defense needs.

Security System: Liechtenstein’s defense is provided by Switzerland under a mutual agreement. Its police force manages internal security, and the country has maintained a reputation for political neutrality and peaceful diplomacy.

Interesting Story: Liechtenstein has not faced any military conflicts since the abolition of its army, and its status as a neutral state has allowed it to prosper economically and politically. The country is also known for its high standard of living and stable financial sector.

9. The Marshall Islands

Geography & Political Map: The Marshall Islands consists of 29 atolls and 5 islands in the Pacific Ocean, strategically located near the equator. The country is known for its coral reefs and tropical climate, as well as its ties to the United States.

Politics & Security: The Marshall Islands has no standing army and relies on the United States for defense under the Compact of Free Association (CFA) agreement. The U.S. provides military protection in exchange for strategic access to the region.

Security System: The country’s internal security is managed by the Marshalls Police Department. The United States handles defense matters, ensuring the Marshall Islands' security in times of need.

Interesting Story: The Marshall Islands' history is deeply connected to U.S. military testing, as the country was used for nuclear tests during the 1940s and 1950s. Today, it continues to face the challenges of environmental degradation from those tests.

10. Mauritius

Geography & Political Map: Mauritius is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, off the southeastern coast of Africa. The country is known for its beaches, lagoons, and volcanic mountains.

Politics & Security: Mauritius, a parliamentary democracy, has not had a standing army since 1968. The country has invested in its police force to maintain law and order while focusing on economic development and tourism.

Security System: Mauritius maintains a well-trained police force for internal security, and its defense needs are supported through regional defense agreements.

Interesting Story: Mauritius’ status as a peaceful nation has enabled it to focus on tourism, which is a key industry. The country’s vibrant multicultural society is a testament to its successful integration of diverse cultures.